John's space

 

 

 

 

John  

 

 

MARK 10, 35-45 (NIV)

 

              35Then James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came to him. "Teacher," they said, "we want you to do for us whatever we ask."

 36"What do you want me to do for you?" he asked.

 37They replied, "Let one of us sit at your right and the other at your left in your glory."

 38"You don't know what you are asking," Jesus said. "Can you drink the cup I drink or be baptized with the baptism I am baptized with?"

 39"We can," they answered. Jesus said to them, "You will drink the cup I drink and be baptized with the baptism I am baptized with, 40but to sit at my right or left is not for me to grant. These places belong to those for whom they have been prepared."

 41When the ten heard about this, they became indignant with James and John. 42Jesus called them together and said, "You know that those who are regarded as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their high officials exercise authority over them. 43Not so with you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, 44and whoever wants to be first must be slave of all. 45For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many."

 

                 My dearest brethren,

 

                 Amen, last week we studied the above verses in gospel Mark.

Like many of my brethren, I read these verses before and thought I knew what they meant. Not quite, but thanks to our dedicated Rabboni, Omar, the words and its true meaning from God, our Lord touched my heart again.

In verse 38, Jesus asked James and John: "Can you drink the cup I drink or be baptized with the baptism I am baptized with?".

I was thinking the cup, indicated by Jesus, was the cup used at the last supper, ‘the holy grail’, filled with Jesus's "blood" of Salvation. No, not really.

 

What was the cup meant by Jesus?

 

Isaia 51:17

 

The Cup of the LORD's Wrath

Awake, awake!
       Rise up, O Jerusalem,
       you who have drunk from the hand of the LORD
       the cup of his wrath,
       you who have drained to its dregs
       the goblet that makes men stagger.

 

Jeremiah 25:15

 

The Cup of God's Wrath

 This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, said to me: "Take from my hand this cup filled with the wine of my wrath and make all the nations to whom I send you drink it.

 

Revelation 14:10

 

He, too, will drink of the wine of God's fury, which has been poured full strength into the cup of his wrath. He will be tormented with burning sulfur in the presence of the holy angles and the Lamb.

 

 

The cup Jesus implied was the cup of God's wrath. By drinking that cup, Jesus was saying He was going to die for us in order to justify us, the sinners, who rebelled against our Father in word, deed and thought. And thus anyone whose heart is truly touched by God's Grace will be saved and be given a new heart filled with God's love and blessing.

 

           What was the baptism meant by Jesus?

 

                       Was Jesus talking about baptism with water or Holy Spirit here? No, Jesus was implying his death on the dreadful and great day, when He would drink God’s wrath and became the King.

 

                       Then who were there on the right and the left of Jesus, on the day of His inauguration? Not saints, prophets or disciples, but two condemned men, one of whom was saved moment before his death.

Now it became clear why Jesus had said:” but to sit at my right or left is not for me to grant. These places belong to those for whom they have been prepared.”.  James and John would have no idea what Jesus was saying, like I was.

 

Thanks to Father’s Grace, His servant vinedressor is making sure one day we can bear good fruit. You have sown, and should not worry about the harvest, because God will lead me to His way.  

God’s grace and blessing be with you.

JohntheMathete

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

About Dr. Kent Hovind Evangelist Kent Hovind became a Christian at age sixteen and immediately desired to serve Christ with his life. While serving as a Sunday school teacher, a church bus worker, and an avid soul winner in his public high school of more than 2,000, he continued to seek God's purpose for his life. His keen interest in math and science throughout his high school career prompted his enrollment at Illinois Junior College as a science major. After two years of undergraduate work there, he felt God calling him to full-time Christian service and completed his bachelor of religious education degree at Midwestern Baptist College of Pontiac, Michigan in 1974.

For fifteen years, he taught high school math and science, during which time he completed his master's degree in education. While researching and writing his doctoral dissertation on the subject of creation vs. evolution, he saw the tremendous need for exposing evolution as a dangerous, religious world-view, and for arming Christians with scientific evidence that there are no contradictions between true science and the Bible. In response to these needs, shortly after finishing his Ph.D. in education, he began the full-time ministry of Creation Science Evangelism.

Since its beginning in 1989, his ministry continues to grow as Dr. Hovind speaks more than 700 times each year in public and private schools, churches, university debates, and on radio and television broadcasts. His humorous, fast-paced, illustrated seminars provide documented evidence against the unscientific and unscriptural theory of evolution. The information presented concerning dinosaurs in the Bible and the few that are still alive today reflects his extensive study in the field of cryptozoology. Dr. Hovind's goal is to strengthen the faith of believers, to confound and to convict the evolutionists, and to win the lost to Christ.

Dr. Hovind lives in Pensacola, Florida with his wife, Jo, and their children, Kent Andrew, Eric, and Marlissa ages 19, 20, 21.

---

I accepted Jesus Christ as my personal Savior February 9, 1969. As I began studying the Bible, I realized that what I was being taught about the theory of evolution could not be reconciled with the Genesis account of creation. My further training in science and the Bible caused me to search carefully for the truth in this great conflict. After teaching high school science for 15 years and speaking on the creation/evolution subject thousands of times, I can say with all certainty that the Bible is the infallible, inspired, inerrant Word of the living God. The universe was created in 6 literal 24 hour days about 6,000 years ago (Matthew 19:4; Exodus 20:11; Genesis 1 & 5).

Modern science textbooks are wrong about the age of the earth and the place dinosaurs hold in history. Dinosaurs were created with man and were on the ark with Noah. After the flood they were hunted to the point of extinction in most parts of the world by man. A few dinosaurs are still alive in various parts of the world today! My research in cryptozoology (living dinosaurs) is of great interest to Christians and the lost alike. I now travel and speak on this topic to try to strengthen the faith of believers, confound and convict the evolutionists, and win the lost to Christ.

 

  Christian "Fundamentalism" is
the Triumph of Paul of Tarsus
over Jesus of Nazareth
Albert Schweitzer :        "Where possible Paul avoids quoting the teaching of Jesus, in fact even mentioning it.  If we had to rely on Paul, we should not know that Jesus taught in parables, had delivered the sermon on the mount, and had taught His disciples the 'Our Father.'  Even where they are specially relevant, Paul passes over the words of the Lord."

---

Other web sites which have serious problems
with some of the teaching of Paul of Tarsus:

 We experienced difficulties in understanding Mark 9: 1~13 during our weekly Bible Study. I hope the following could be of assistance to my brethren.  

 

       "The coming of John the Baptist before the Messiah was foretold in around 400 BC in Malachi 4:5 in the name of Elijah or Elias (Greek Name) in KJV (King James), the prophet representing the prophecy half of the Scripture.

 

Malachi 4:5~6:

 

       Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD:A son honoureth his father, and a servant his master: if then I be a father, where is mine honour? and if I be a master, where is my fear? saith the LORD of hosts unto you, O priests, that despise my name. And ye say, Wherein have we despised thy name?

 

Matthew 11: 12~14

      And from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force. For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John. And if ye will receive it, this is Elias, which was for to come.

Mark 9:12

 

 

      And he answered and told them, Elias verily cometh first, and restoreth all things; and how it is written of the Son of man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at nought.

 

Luke 1:17

 

      And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.

 

Then Elijah referred in Malachi 4:5 was John the Baptist.

 

The Elijah in Mark 9:4, however, was referred to Elijah the prophet, since the three disciples would have recognised John the Baptist, if he had appeared with Moses, who representing the first half of the Scripture, characterised as Law, Moses' Law, or the Law of God.

 

Further, the transfiguration of Lord Jesus in the presence of Moses and Elijah and God, in front of Peter, James and John, assuredly was what Jesus said in the first verse of the chapter:" And He said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That there be some of them that stand here, which shall not taste of death, till they have seen the kingdom of God come with power."

 

Thanks to the Lord, source of all wisdom and knowledge, who helped me to understand this chapter and able to share with my brethren. "

 

God Bless

HS

 

When the cross is embraced it becomes a sign of love and of total self-giving. To carry it behind Christ means to be united with him in offering the greatest proof of love ?the choice is between a full life and an empty existence, between truth and falsehood.

By Pope John Paul II

I invite you to reflect on the conditions that Jesus asked of those who wanted to be his disciples: "If anyone wishes to come after me", he said, "he must deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me" (Lk 9:23).

Jesus is not a Messiah of triumph and power. In fact, he did not free Israel from Roman rule and he never assured it of political glory. As a true Servant of the Lord, he carried out his mission in solidarity, in service, and in the humiliation of death. He is the Messiah who did not fit into any mould and who came without fanfare, and who cannot be "understood" with the logic of success and power, the kind of logic often used by the world to verify its projects and actions.

Having come to carry out the will of the Father, Jesus remained faithful to it right to the end. He thus carried out his mission of salvation for all those who believe in him and love him, not in word, but in deed. Love is the condition for following him, but it is sacrifice that is the proof of that love.

"If anyone wishes to come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me" (Lk 9:23). These words denote the radicality of a choice that does not allow for hesitation or second thoughts. It is a demanding requirement that unsettled even the disciples and that, throughout the ages, has held back many men and women from following Christ. But precisely this radicality has also produced admirable examples of sanctity and martyrdom that strengthened and confirmed the way of the Church. Even today these words are regarded as a stumbling block and folly (cf. 1 Cor 1: 22-25). Yet they must be faced, because the path outlined by God for his Son is the path to be undertaken by the disciple who has decided to follow Jesus. There are not two paths, but only one: the one trodden by the Master. The disciple cannot invent a different way.

....

"He must deny himself". To deny oneself is to give up one's own plans that are often small and petty in order to accept God's plan. This is the path of conversion, something indispensable in a Christian life, and that led Saint Paul to say, "it is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me" (Gal 2:20).

Jesus does not ask us to give up living, but to accept a newness and a fullness of life that only He can give. The human being has a deep-rooted tendency to "think only of self", to regard one's own person as the centre of interest and to see oneself as the standard against which to gauge everything. One who chooses to follow Christ, on the other hand, avoids being wrapped up in himself and does not evaluate things according to self interest. He looks on life in terms of gift and gratuitousness, not in terms of conquest and possession. Life in its fullness is only lived in self-giving, and that is the fruit of the grace of Christ: an existence that is free and in communion with God and neighbor.

...

"Take up his cross daily and follow me". As the cross can be reduced to being an ornament, "to carry the cross" can become just a manner of speaking. In the teaching of Jesus, however, it does not imply the pre-eminence of mortification and denial. It does not refer primarily to the need to endure patiently the great and small tribulations of life, or, even less, to the exaltation of pain as a means of pleasing God. It is not suffering for its own sake that a Christian seeks, but love. When the cross is embraced it becomes a sign of love and of total self-giving. To carry it behind Christ means to be united with him in offering the greatest proof of love.

...

The "way of life" continues and renews the mind of Christ in us and becomes the way of faith and conversion. It is indeed the way of the cross. It is the way that leads one to trust in him and his plan of salvation, and to believe that He died in order to show God's love for each one. It is the way to salvation in a society often divided, confused and contradictory. It is the way to the happiness found in following Christ right to the end, in the sometimes dramatic circumstances of daily life. It is the way that does not fear failure, difficulties, isolation, loneliness, because it fills our hearts with the presence of Jesus. It is the path of peace, self-control and a joyful heart.

Full article can be viewed at http://www.godspy.com/meditations/Deny-yourself-pick-up-your-cross-and-follow-Me-Meditation-by-Pope-John-Paul-II.cfm

The Gospel of Mary was found in the Akhmim Codex, a gnostic text of the New Testament apocrypha acquired by Dr. Carl Rheinhardt in Cairo in 1896.

History of the Gospel

The first full translation of the gospel was not published until 1955, ten years after the discovery of the Nag Hammadi library, which notably did not contain the Gospel of Mary despite its duplication of two other Akhmim texts. Though the gospel is at least 19 pages in length, pages 1-6 and 11-14 are missing. It has been suggested in popular literature that this is a Gospel of Mary Magdalene although the author's surname is not mentioned in the text.

In addition to the Akhmim Codex, which is written in a Coptic dialect and has been dated to the fourth or fifth century AD, a shorter Greek-language manuscript exists on papyrus which contains only the latter portion of the text. The papyrus dates to the third century.

All of these manuscripts were first discovered and published between 1938 and 1983, but there are Patristic references to the Gospel of Mary as early as the third century.

Contents of the Gospel

In the fragmentary text, the disciples ask questions of the risen Jesus Christ.

Then they grieve, saying, "How shall we go to the Gentiles and preach the Gospel of the Kingdom of the Son of Man? If even he was not spared, how shall we be spared?" And Mary bids them take heart: "Let us rather praise his greatness, for he prepared us and made us into men." She then delivers a vision of the Savior that she has had and reports her discourse with him, which shows Gnostic influences.

Her vision does not meet with universal approval:

"But Andrew answered and said to the brethren, 'Say what you think concerning what she said. For I do not believe that the Savior said this. For certainly these teachings are of other ideas.'"

"Peter also opposed her in regard to these matters and asked them about the Savior. 'Did he then speak secretly with a woman, in preference to us, and not openly? Are we to turn back and all listen to her? Did he prefer her to us?'"

However Matthew defends Mary and quells Peter's attack on her. In the text, Peter appears to be offended by the discovery that Jesus selected Mary above the other disciples to interpret his teachings. Peter sees Mary as a rival and a contender for the leadership of the group.

Implications of the Gospel

Karen L. King, Winn Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Harvard University Divinity School, concludes that this Gospel provides "...an intriguing glimpse into a kind of Christianity lost for almost fifteen hundred years."^[1] Professor King goes on to say that the Gospel

"...presents a radical interpretation of Jesus' teachings as a path to inner spiritual knowledge; it rejects his suffering and death as the path to eternal life; it exposes the erroneous view that Mary of Magdala was a prostitute for what it is—a piece of theological fiction; it presents the most straightforward and convincing argument in any early Christian writing for the legitimacy of women's leadership; it offers a sharp critique of illegitimate power and a utopian vision of spiritual perfection; it challenges our rather romantic views about the harmony and unanimity of the first Christians; and it asks us to rethink the basis for church authority."^[2]

As Professor King also observed, the tensions in second-century Christianity are reflected in "the confrontation of Mary with Peter, [which is] a scenario also found in The Gospel of Thomas, Pistis Sophia, and The Coptic Gospel of the Egyptians. Peter and Andrew represent orthodox positions which deny the validity of esoteric revelation and reject the authority of women to teach." ^{[citation needed]}

The text is primarily concerned with

• mortality and the origin of mortality as a result of the demiurge
• Jesus's ascension
• The ascent of the soul, according to gnosticism

The larger part of these concerns is expressed as a dialogue between the disciples and Mary, who is providing the answers. Within the text, the authority of the church after the departure of Jesus has been placed in Mary, which likely indicates that the text originated within a sect which either recognized Mary as its founder or otherwise valued Mary above other apostles. This favour may have been, in part, due to her ability as a female to represent the important figure of Sophia, the female syzygy of Christ, within gnostic theology.

Source: Wikipedia

Statistical Analysis

Facts to ponder

(A) The number of physicians in the U.S. is 700,000.

(B) Accidental deaths caused by Physicians per year are 120,000.

(C) Accidental deaths per physician is 0.171.

Statistics courtesy of U.S. Dept of Health Human Services.

Now think about this:

Guns:

(A) The number of gun owners in the U.S. is 80,000,000. (Yes, that's 80 million..)

(B) The number of accidental gun deaths per year, all age groups, is 1,500.

(C) The number of accidental deaths per gun owner is .000188.

Statistics courtesy of FBI

So, while guns are dangerous, statistically, doctors are approximately 9,000 times more dangerous than gun owners.

Remember, "Guns don't kill people, doctors do."

FACT: NOT EVERYONE HAS A GUN, BUT ALMOST EVERYONE HAS AT LEAST ONE DOCTOR.

Please alert your friends to this alarming threat. We must ban doctors before this gets completely out of hand!!!!!

Out of concern for the public at large, the statistics on lawyers are withheld for fear the shock would cause people to panic and seek medical attention.

Julie Robotham Medical Editor
December 21, 2006

- Delayed or wrong treatment or diagnosis: 178

A young couple (Billy & Stephanie) agreed that if either of them were to ever die, the surviving one would attempt to make contact with the dead one exactly one year following the death. Billy was killed in an automobile accident two years later. As agreed, Stephanie tried to make contact with him exactly one year later and succeeded. This is how the conversation went:

Stephanie: How are things up there?

Billy: Oh, things are just wonderful. We get up every morning and make love. We then eat breakfast and make love some more. After lunch we usually take a nap then make love until supper then make love some more until we go to sleep. Then the next morning we start all over again.

Stephanie: That is wonderful. I didn't know that heaven would be like that.

Billy: I'm not in heaven. I'm a jackrabbit in Arizona!!!

 

What's the most wicked thing a group of young accountants can do?
Go into town and gang-audit someone.

What do accountants do for fun?
Add the telephone book.

Why did the accountant stare at his glass of orange juice for three hours?
Because on the box it said Concentrate.

Why was the accountant so excited that he completed a jigsaw puzzle in only 59 weeks?
Because on the box it said 8-12 Years.

 

--------------------------

 

The accountant had just read the story of Cinderella to his four-year-old daughter for the first time. The little girl was fascinated by the story, especially the part where the pumpkin turns into a golden coach. Suddenly she piped up, "Daddy, when the pumpkin turned into a golden coach, would that be classed as income or a long-term capital gain?"

Accountant after reading nursery rhymes to his young child:
"No, son. When Little Bo Peep lost her sheep that wouldn't be tax deductible, but I like your thinking".

 

--------------------------

 

A manager reporting to his CEO

 

"The auditors have just left, sir."
"Did they check the books?"
"Very thoroughly."
"What did they say?"
"They want 15% to keep quiet.

An artist asked the gallery owner if there had been any interest in his paintings, which were on display at the time.

“I have good news and bad news,” the owner replied.

“The good news is that a gentleman enquired about your work and wondered if it would appreciate after your death. When I told him it would, he bought all fifteen paintings.”

“That’s wonderful,” the artist exclaimed. “So, what’s the bad news?”

“The gentleman was your doctor.”

Three women die together in an accident and go to heaven. When they get there, St. Peter says, "We only have one rule here in heaven.
Don't step on the ducks."

So they enter heaven, and sure enough, there are ducks all over the place. It is almost
impossible not to step on a duck, and although they try their best to avoid them, the first woman accidentally steps on one.

Along comes St. Peter with the ugliest man she ever saw. St. Peter chains them together and says, "Your punishment for stepping on a duck is to spend eternity with this ugly man!"

The next day, the second woman accidentally steps on a duck, and along comes St. Peter, who doesn't miss a thing, and with him is another extremely ugly man. He chains them together with the same punishment as the first woman.

The third woman has observed all this and, not wanting to be chained for all eternity to an ugly man, is very, VERY careful where she steps. She manages to go months without
stepping on any ducks, but one day St. Peter comes up to her with the most handsome man
she has ever laid eyes on... very tall, tan, muscular, and with good hair.

St. Peter chains them together without saying a word.

The woman remarks, "I wonder what I did to deserve being with you for all of eternity?" And the guy says, "Well, I don't know what you did, but I stepped on a duck."

A guy was on trial for murder and if convicted, would get the electric chair. His brother found out that a red neck was on the jury and figured he would be the one to bribe. He told the red neck that he would be paid $10,000 if he could convince the rest of the jury to reduce the charge to manslaughter.

The jury was out an entire week and returned with a verdict of manslaughter.

After the trial, the brother went to the red neck's house, told him what a great job he had done and paid him the $10,000.

The red neck replied that it wasn't easy to convince the rest of the jury to change the charge to manslaughter. They all wanted to let him go.

A school teacher was asking students what their parents did for a living.

Tim, you be first, she said. What does your mother do all day? Tim stood up and proudly said, She's a doctor. That's wonderful. How about you, Amie? Amie shyly stood up, scuffed her feet and said, My father is a mailman.

Thank you, Amie, said the teacher. What about your father, Billy?
Billy proudly stood up and announced, My daddy plays piano in a whorehouse. The teacher was aghast and promptly changed the subject to geography.

Later that day she went to Billy's house and rang the bell. Billy's father answered the door. The teacher explained what his son had said and demanded an explanation. Billy's father said, I'm actually an attorney. How can I explain a thing like that to a seven-year-old?

An old man was on his death bed. He wanted badly to take some of his money with him. He called his priest, his doctor and his lawyer to his bedside. "Here's $30,000 cash to be held by each of you. I trust you to put this in my coffin when I die so I can take all my money with me."

At the funeral, each man put an envelope in the coffin. Riding away in a limousine, the priest suddenly broke into tears and confessed, "I had only put $20,000 into the envelope because I needed $10,000 for a new baptistery."

"Well, since we're confiding in each other," said the doctor, "I only put $10,000 in the envelope because we needed a new machine at the hospital which cost $20,000."

The lawyer was aghast. "I'm ashamed of both of you," he exclaimed. "I want it known that when I put my envelope in that coffin, it held my personal cheque for the full $30,000."

Four old men were chatting about their pride.

 

 

The first guy said, "My son is my pride and joy. He started working at a successful company at the bottom of the barrel. He studied Economics and Business Administration and soon began to climb the corporate ladder-- and now he's the president of the company. He became so rich that he gave his best friend a top of the line Mercedes for his birthday."


The second guy said, "That's terrific! My son is also my pride and joy. He started working for a big airline, then went to flight school to become a pilot. Eventually he became a partner in the company, where he owns the majority of its assets. He's so rich that he gave his best friend a brand new jet for his birthday.

The third man said: "Well, that's terrific! My son studied in the best universities and became an engineer. Then he started his own construction company and is now a multimillionaire. He also gave away something very nice and expensive to his best friend for his birthday...a 30,000 square foot mansion."

The three friends congratulated each other just as the fourth returned from the restroom and asked, "What are all the congratulations for?"

One of the three said, "We were talking about the pride we feel for the successes of our sons. What about your son?"

The fourth man replied, "My son is gay and makes a living dancing as a stripper ! at a nightclub."

The three friends said, "What a shame. What a disappointment."

The fourth man replied, "No, I'm not ashamed. He's my son and I love him. And he's lucky, too. His birthday just passed and the other day he received a beautiful 30,000 square foot mansion, a brand new! jet, and a top of the line Mercedes from his three boyfriends."

 

 

 

 

In a trial, a southern small town prosecuting attorney called his first witness to the stand - a grandmotherly, elderly woman.

He approached her and asked "Mrs. Jones, do you know me?"

She responded, "Why, yes I do know you, Mr. Williams. I've known you since you were a young boy, and frankly, you've been a big disappointment to me. You lie, you cheat on your wife, and you manipulate people and talk about them behind their backs. You think you're a big shot when you haven't the brains to realise you never will amount to anything more than a two-bit paper pusher. Yes, I know you."

The lawyer was stunned. Not knowing what else to do, he pointed across the room and asked "Mrs. Jones, do you know the defence attorney?"

She again replied "why yes, I do. I've known Mr. Bradley since he was a youngster, too. He's lazy, bigoted, and he has a drinking problem. He can't build a normal relationship with anyone and his law practice is one of the worst in the entire state. Not to mention he cheated on his wife with three different women. Yes, I know him."

The defence attorney almost died and the court room was brought down by laughter!

At this point, the judge brought the courtroom to silence, called both counsellors to the bench, and in a very quiet voice, said, "If either of you bastards asks her if she knows me, you'll be jailed for contempt...."

Accompanied by his lawyer, a crime boss meets with his accountant. "Where is the three million bucks you embezzled from me?" demands the gangster. The accountant is silent. "Where is my three million dollars?" the crime boss shouts.

The lawyer explains, "The man is deaf. Allow me to translate." Using sign language, he asks the accountant about the money, and the message is relayed back that the accountant knows nothing about it.

Furious, the crime boss pulls out a revolver and puts it to the deaf accountant's head, screaming at the lawyer, "Ask him again where my *&@$%#! money is!" "OK! OK!" the deaf accountant signs back. "The money's hidden behind the old toolshed in my backyard."

"What did he say?" demands the enraged gangster. The lawyer replies."He says you don't have the guts to pull the trigger."